Motor Mash

Motor Mash

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Neural specification is regulated by one or many transcription factors that control expression of effector genes that mediate function and determine neuronal type. Here we identify a novel role for one conserved proneural factor, the bHLH protein HLH-3, implicated in the specification of sex-specific ventral cord motor neurons in C. elegans Proneural genes act in early stages of neurogenesis in early progenitors, but here, we demonstrate a later role for hlh-3 First, we document that differentiation of the ventral cord type C motor neuron class (VC) within their neuron class, is dynamic in time and space. Expression of VC class-specific and subclass-specific identity genes is distinct through development and is dependent on the VC position along the A-P axis and their proximity to the vulva. Our characterization of the expression of VC class and VC subclass-specific differentiation markers in the absence of hlh-3 function reveals that VC fate specification, differentiation, and morphology requires hlh-3 function. Finally, we conclude that hlh-3 cell-autonomously specifies VC cell fate.

It's sure to be a graveyard smash as the Metro by T-Mobile Halloween Monster Truck Mash brings eight of the coolest monster trucks and the first trick-or-treat party of the year to celebrate the Halloween spirit at Bristol Motor Speedway on Saturday, Oct. 27. Monster trucks that will perform include Snake Bite, X-Termigator, Ice Cream Man, Black Stallion, Overkill, Buckshot, Tailgator and Predator. The eight trucks will compete in two disciplines: racing and freestyle, always a fan favorite. \"We're looking forward to celebrating Halloween with some of the coolest monster trucks there are,\" said Jerry Caldwell, executive vice president and general manager at Bristol Motor Speedway. \"Everyone should come and take advantage of the first trick-or-treat opportunity of the season by dressing up in their favorite costume and collecting treats in the infield.\" Fans should arrive early when the gates open at 1 p.m. for the Monster Truck Trunk or Treat Party, where kids are encouraged to dress in their Halloween costumes. All eight monster truck drivers will be available for meet and greets and will pass out candy to trick-or-treaters in the infield during the first trick-or-treat of the year. The pit party will also feature a best costume competition with great prizes. Visitors should also grab a seat for a ride in the Sasquatch monster truck bus at only $10 per person. \"We are excited to be the title sponsor of this great family-friendly event at Bristol Motor Speedway,\" said Quinton Hoekstra, marketing manager at MetroPCS. \"We are committed to serving the Tri-Cities region and this event gives us a great opportunity to share what a great wireless experience should look like. We look forward to seeing everyone at the speedway in October.\" The show will begin at 3 p.m. In addition to the monster trucks, the event will feature Bandit big rig racing and some of the most impressive jet-powered machines out there, including a jet dragster, jet outhouse and jet Polaris RZR. Fans can visit any participating Metro by T-Mobile store during the month of October to enter for a chance to win tickets to the event. On Friday, Oct. 26, the Bristol Metro by T-Mobile store at 971 Volunteer Pkwy will host a Monster Truck party. Additional details on the Metro by T-Mobile store appearance will be announced closer to the event. General admission tickets for this night of family fun are $20 ($25 day of) with advance purchase. Tickets for kids 12 and under are only $5. For more information and to purchase tickets, call 423-BRISTOL or visit

In C. elegans, the mechanisms that regulate neural specification can be studied thoroughly in time and in space, at single-cell resolution. This is a powerful model system that harbors a fully mapped body plan and nervous system, with continuously updated genomic and transcriptomic annotations, supporting studies in developmental biology, evolutionary conserved genes and networks, and beyond (Baker and Woollard 2019; Cooper and Van Raamsdonk 2018; Corsi et al. 2015; Emmons 2016; Hammarlund et al. 2018; Sulston and Horvitz 1977). The classes of motor neurons in the ventral cord of C. elegans are diverse and contain both sex-shared neurons and sex-specific neurons, with known positions, connectivity, and neurotransmitter fate. They provide an excellent target to address the mechanisms by which sex-shared and sex-specific neurons are specified, which are currently not well understood. Our work adds to this body of knowledge and implicates the product of the proneural gene hlh-3, HLH-3, in the development of the hermaphrodite sex-specific ventral cord motor neurons.

Here we characterize the role of a conserved proneural-like protein HLH-3, the ortholog of ASCL1, also known as the mammalian Achaete-Scute homolog-1 (MASH-1), in C. elegans nervous system development. HLH-3 contains a conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain, which is 59% (31/54) identical to MASH-1 and 61% identical to ASCL1 (33/54). HLH-3 heterodimerizes with the Class I bHLH transcription factor HLH-2, predicted ortholog of TCF3/TCF4/TCF12 (Kim et al. 2018; Krause et al. 1997). Our previous work has implicated HLH-3 in the terminal differentiation of the hermaphrodite-specific motor neurons, HSNs, a bilateral pair of neurons that function in the egg-laying circuitry (Schafer 2006; Doonan et al. 2008; Raut 2017). Work by others has shown that the gene hlh-3 has diverse functions in the nervous system, it is necessary for the appropriate death of the sisters of the NSMs (Thellmann et al. 2003); it works in combination with other transcription factors to induce the serotonergic program in the HSNs, and moreover, its ortholog, ASCL1, can be a functional substitute (Lloret-Fernández et al. 2018); it promotes neurogenesis of I4 (Luo and Horvitz 2017); it co-regulates the initiation of expression of the terminal selector gene ttx-3 (Murgan et al. 2015); and it regulates expression of the chemoreceptor gene srh-234 (Gruner et al. 2016). The above studies implicated hlh-3 in the development of different types of neurons; however, its role in sex-specific neuron development is not as well documented.

We were the first to report that hlh-3 is expressed in the embryonically generated P cells, ectodermal-like precursors of all post-embryonically generated ventral cord motor neurons. We also showed that by the third larval stage (L3) expression of a truncated translational fusion hlh-3 reporter was restricted to the ventral cord motor neuron type C (VC) class, a hermaphrodite sex-specific type of neuron (Doonan et al. 2008). This expression pattern is consistent with a role in neuroblast specification, a function of canonical proneural genes. However, it remained to be determined whether hlh-3 had a function in the specification of the P cell descendants (including sex-shared as well as sex-specific). Here we report on the role of hlh-3 in the differentiation of postembryonic ventral cord motor neurons. We show it is necessary for the acquisition and maturation of the hermaphrodite sex-specific VC class only.

The ventral cord type C motor neuron class. A: Illustration of the position of the six VCs along the ventral nerve cord in the midbody region of an adult hermaphrodite. Anterior is to the left, ventral is down, and the gray triangle on the ventral surface indicates the location of the vulva. B: Diagram of the reiterative post-embryonic cell divisions produced by the P3.a to P8.a neuroblasts that give rise to the VCs (adapted from Sulston and Horvitz 1977) C: Diagram for VC classification includes two sub-classes: proximal (VC 4 and VC 5) and distal (VCs 1-3, 6). This classification format will be used throughout the rest of the figures.

Summary of VC class and subclass identity. A: Diagram of genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) and class or subclass-specific features and structures expressed in VCs throughout post-embryonic development. B: Summary of the expression pattern of distinct VC class and VC subclass identity features in the midbody of the ventral cord of the hermaphrodite. While unc-17 is expressed in the subclass proximal VCs, it is also expressed in all VNC cholinergic motor neurons, therefore not VC specific. Our analysis is primarily based on the expression of integrated transcriptional reporters (See Supplemental Table 1 for the list of strains containing these markers). With the exception of mir-124, all reported features are maintained through adulthood (denoted by an asterisk).

I played this once on Playstation and it was real fun. Now I am getting the PC version of Motor Mash and I am sure I am going to get the same experience. Motormash is a cartoon racing game which is played from a top down perspective and can be played by up to 4 players by utilizing a multi-tap, something like Micromachines game. The game gives you a lot of options and all of them have been implemented with a lot of details. Play as a single player in the practice mode or get engaged in single player tournaments and knock-out races. The races also involve time trail sequence and action sequences. Various themes have been given to the races in the game and involves jungle theme, inner city theme, artic themes and nightmares. Every theme in the game has a variety of hazards such as oil wells, crossing trains, snowmen, cyclones and killer plants. Your goal in the game is to leave behind opponents so that they can go off screen. The graphics in the game are detailed enough to provide you a good insight of the action. The user interface in the game is good in terms of allowing you exercise the options of the gameplay and switching between modes. The controls are another prime feature as they allow you to go through the twists and turns smoothly. Overall it is a real fun game. 386 Spys can also render you the same degree of fun. 781b155fdc